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hi everyone this is charles hoskinson broadcasting live from warm sunny colorado always warm always sunny sometimes colorado just went up to wyoming today had a lovely steak beautiful place laramie wyoming good to be good to live good to do business how's everyone doing today is december 30th this is the last broadcast of the year for me because i'm going to enjoy my new years and maybe blow some stuff up because the american way i grew up in hawaii for those of you who know my history and actually hawaii people light off lots and lots and lots of celebratory fireworks it's a hawaiian tradition mostly asian tradition too uh and uh it's always fun to see those things anyway uh kept it in the blood and i know my family wyoming is definitely gonna do that probably in gillette so we'll uh we'll see what happens how's everybody doing today having a good night i'm having a good night nice and relaxed having fun you know it's been a tough year for everyone it really has been it's been a long year it's been a painful year uh it's been brutal people couldn't see their loved ones and families people couldn't travel a lot of people lost their jobs a lot of businesses went out of business uh a lot of people died over a million of cobot my own country 330 000 it's been tough and we look to the future we say you know 2021 we have an opportunity as a collective whole make it better make it a good time you know a lot of good things could happen a lot of new businesses can be started we can change the way we treat each other maybe be a little nicer less cynical more optimistic you know what's uh bothered me more than anything else has been the utter lack of civility that has crept into society as a direct consequence of social media people think it's okay to treat other people like because they don't happen to be face to face with those people and that has extended to every dimension of our interactions now from our news media to how we view others to gossip at work and maybe in 2021 because we've all been cooped up for such a long period of time that we can change things a little bit be a little nicer to each other a little friendlier to each other and a little bit more civil with each other and maybe we all can have a little bit of empathy who knows i'd like to believe that the human race can do that i'd like to believe that people are capable of treating each other with civility and niceness maybe i'm wrong but at the end of the day i lose nothing for believing that and i lose nothing for being nice and having empathy so that's what i'm going to do of course we always have the new year's resolutions lose a little weight meditate a little bit more you know be a bit healthier eat healthier these types of things treat the family a little better and make sure that you buy dogs their treats on time these types of things and of course i assume you guys all have uh resolutions of your own and that's going to be fun cardano's going to have a good year next year you know a lot of the software is shipping a lot of things are going to be built and the ecosystem is going to grow tremendously it grew this year tremendously we probably quadrupled in size and participation and the network is now in the hands of the state pool operators it's a very dangerous scary thing you know it's like random people you've never met over the internet are just somehow going to be responsible for a five billion dollar network and that's basically what happened and they pulled it off and they pulled it off in a way better than we anticipate in fact some cases they ran it better than we ever ran anything and i'm proud of that and next year we'll see it again with the arrival of smart contracts and all the dapps that are going to be on the system and the growth of the governance system you know tam and i uh we spent a huge amount of time these days talking about governance we're thinking about global solutions networks multi-stakeholder governance we've been reading all these historical papers on where the internet came from and how the internet governs itself we're thinking a lot about you know how do we build cardano in such a way where the things that made the internet successful on the governance side and the evolution side can somehow be inspiring equivalent things analogous things in cardona because if we win that fight we win all the fights and cardano is not only here to stay uh it'll surpass every other one of these cryptocurrencies because it has a model to sustain itself as it grows to millions to billions and not regress or lose or ossified whereas our competitors do that's going to be the great challenge of 2021. we know how to do the hard technical stuff we know how to write the code we have the protocols that's not the challenge the challenges the social dynamics the governance side and i really look forward to that in fact it looks like i'm going to write a book and there's going to be a lot of work that goes into it but it's going to be a book on blockchain governance and you're all going to hold me accountable so by this time next year probably sooner we're going to have a book on blockchain governance and it's going to contain within it all the lessons i've learned the organization has learned and other people have learned about governance in general why it's important and what must be done for cryptocurrencies to be successful and it won't be an academic book it'll actually be a practical book in that the things we recommend will have been done or already are done in cardano itself so it'll be an explanation of how to do things the right way and a demonstration of how we did it so it's going to be very exciting project and some i'm going to enjoy long overdue i've for five years been wanting to write it and i finally found a great co-author and now i'm in a position where i can and i'll just keep writing 2022 we'll do one on identity in 2023 we'll do one on value nature of money monetary policy and where crypto fits and all of that because after all my company focuses on the transformation of value identity and governance so let's write some foundational books huh all right let's get to your questions [Music] and the dogs always bark it can be 8 30 at night and they find a way to bark at some point because that's how a dog works how about your javascript course i absolutely do want to do that i've read a lot of books uh and i have seen a a huge amount of good material good pedagogy and i'd only do the course if i think i could do something original novel and unique so it's still in the plan and we will see where we go with it [Music] charles mass adoption okay let's see come on guys give me some interesting questions shaving a haircut occasionally i cut my hair occasionally i shaved my beard i just don't care you know i used to have to shave all the time had a job made me shave don't have to anymore so i love my beard what are your thoughts on hollow chain and what are its pros and cons compared to cardano i know very little of hollow chain i tried to know a little bit i went to the reddit the community treated me like dirt and so i gave a cryptocurrency one chance if it's a small cap cryptocurrency i come on in i say hey guys i'd like to know more they're friendly open community it's great if they're a closed and hostile community as they were to me i really i just say okay it might be great it might be gold but i just don't have time for this there are 3 000 cryptocurrencies on market a lot of white papers a lot of ideas i have finite time so sometimes i just have to lose great deals or great ideas because they're inaccessible and that's a lesson to everybody because many other people hold the exact same standards updated security video coming yes my company has a partnership with udemy and we're a consumer of their enterprise um line and i am taking some infosec courses on udemy just to polish up some things and i've been talking to a lot of uh infosec experts and those infosec experts have given me some advice on how to redo the video that i shot nothing wrong with it but there are some perhaps sub-optimal usability issues where it's a little hard to do all the things that i've recommended and also there are some things we can do to enhance the security of the linux side and other such things and so i will definitely create an update to it but the video is actually quite sound i like it a lot and uh it definitely is very secure my favorite part of the video was this concept of creating a proper skeleton key because that's never discussed people oh just encrypt and do this and do this yeah but you're always going to have that back door to your systems and if people can compromise your email and all these other things you you're in for a world of hurt so creating a very secure skeleton key is a good way of ensuring that you have a good foundation of security and then you kind of build on top of that and that was the point of the video and so we've received a lot of things like that okay what programming language should my kids be studying uh i would highly recommend python or javascript probably python excuse me for a second i gotta share a link but python is a really cool programming language because it does everything that you would expect programming language to do it's really easy to learn and there's phenomenal pedagogy for that language and by pedagogy i mean is that there's lots of learning materials it's really easy to use really easy to play around with ah here we go there we go really easy to use really easy to play around with and uh you can take tons of classes on it there's free courses on udemy there's free courses on edx they're free courses of coursera uh and uh you can learn all about data science and machine learning you can learn all about algorithms and data structures and these types of things with python and it's a gateway drug once you've learned those things you can directly apply that knowledge to any object-oriented programming language so you can go and be c plus and java and other enterprise-grade languages so python is definitely a javascript is also fairly equivalent and there's much more applied pedagogy there but i'd say python is really great because you have a hybrid of practical things like ml and data science but then you also have a lot of really cool things that you can do in the theoretical side in addition to that there's a good extensions of python into the hardware world and you can use it for hardware programming so you should definitely buy a raspberry pi in complement to python and have a hardware curriculum and a software curriculum so they understand how the hardware works and what are all those ones and zeros and what are gates and you know these types of things in fact if your children are particularly ambitious there's a lovely curriculum that's free called uh from nand nand to tetris from ed shockley and it's a really great curriculum is the distinction between the cardinal computation layer and the cardano's element later still relevant yes and in fact the side chains that we're going to run are examples of what i call the computation layer the difference is they're not ephemeral they're actually permanently there um but uh yeah that's exactly what we intended you have a very stable secure settlement system which is the primary network with the stake pool operators and you have this collection of side chains which do different things and have different computational models than the main chain and we've mostly preserved that with the devnet idea charles how do you get out of tutorial hell i know i have to build something but what are some good ideas to build uh my recommendation will be a web scraper that's something really practical and applied and it's going to keep breaking and you're going to have a lot of little issues along the way and by fixing those you learn a huge amount and you're going to learn how to interface with headless browsers you're going to learn interface with network protocols use rest apis you're doing real programming stuff and then you get a lot of raw data and you have to clean it up so you have to parse it write regular expressions you know you're doing a lot of text processing and then as you get that foundation right what you do is your curiosity takes over and then you say well can i build a more advanced web scraper can i do more crazy things with that and then eventually over time you develop a huge amount of programming skills which are portable to many other domains because eventually people say well i want you to write a twitter bot or a reddit bot well the same thing that you did with the reddit scraper with the web scraper will be uh will be directly applicable to that and python can do it there's a great framework called scrapey uh and you can easily use that you can store all of it in the database you can learn about database programming like put sql lite with it or something like that so i i'd start there as a reply project and there's even a udemy course on that was the creation of justin finally successful uh not yet but i think if there's money to be made justin sun will do it so we'll see it's it's one of those organic phenomena that self grows what happened to the round glasses i still got them this is my backup pair and i just have them over there and i bent them up a little bit and i just haven't had time to fix them so i'm wearing the other pair thank you what do you think of elon musk satellites running quantum computers in space since it's close to absolute zero out there yeah no i don't think that's a good idea because the temperature is only one part of the operating environment don't have the earth's atmosphere to protect you from cosmic rays and radiation and other things that would definitely cause decoherence so probably not a good idea to run quantum computers in space um i'm sure it'll happen at some point because they need to be there but it's going to happen first in very tightly controlled environments where everything is as easy to measure and monetary as possible space is a super hostile environment and no matter how good you are at engineering the things you put into space decay pretty rapidly charles do you like video games i own a video game company charles when will you visit singapore and malaysia when the world reopens uh then i'll start traveling again and definitely go to singapore is the purple mask on your wall from the shakespeare mask company in ireland very perceptive but no but the person who made it actually was inspired from certain designs that came there so you're close i'll give you 0.75 points hmm okay do you eat enough veggies no and i need to eat more and i'm going to do that next year hi charles any simulation on how k equals 1 000 will accept uh affects small spos yes uh there actually are they were done by colin edwards and uh before k hits that uh we'll definitely include an episode to discuss it but there's many episodes on the youtube channel of iohk that talk about the economic modeling that was done and i'm sure we if that code isn't already open sourced we can release it publicly you guys can take a look at it satoshi nagamoto was the first to invent blockchain but it was charles hoskinson who defined it it was agolos chiassus juan guerre and nico leonards who defined it gkl model was the very first formal treatment of what is a blockchain what makes it secure and the gkl model is the basis upon which we've written all of our security proofs for orophorus so not quite accurate and i won't take credit for the work that they did it was great work okay when is the first african contract going live how many users will it bring we will discuss all of that in the africa special episode whenever we hold it so when we announce that you should definitely come it's going to be a very special african special anyone ever told you you sound like steve jobs first time i've ever heard it any updates on the cool game sound idea of dynamically changing music i'm working on a few ideas myself ah yeah for those of you who aren't aware the my game legends of valor one of the things that i've been thinking about uh was uh the idea of dynamically generated algorithmically generated music so one of the problems with video games is that the soundtrack no matter how much money you spend on it usually the duration of the soundtrack is much smaller than the actual play time so maybe you have eight hours of sound 100 hours of play time it's pigeonhole principle uh you're gonna have something repeat itself and so the sound effects and soundtracks they tend to get stale after a little while and then you know it gets annoying if it's way way way too long so the point of algorithmically generated or dynamic music is the concept that events in the game world will automatically generate unique music to those events so instead of having an eight hour fixed soundtrack for example you have an unlimited soundtrack which will always be new distinct and different the challenge is to make the music aesthetically appealing uh you know if machines could write beautiful music uh we probably wouldn't have katy perry and pop stars and these people they'd just be completely replaced by ai driven stars in fact we see that happening in certain places like japan there's a uh a holographic music artist it's not real it's like an anime character that is wildly successful so the tech for algorithmically generated music is indeed there and my video game legends of valor that we're working on uh one of the things that we're exploring is can we come up with a really elegant way of doing algorithmically generated music and using that to complement the existing soundtrack of the game now my wish list would be to get max richter and rahman jawadi to work together to create the core soundtrack of the game rama jawadi did game of thrones and westworld and all these other things he's a great music artist and he also does soundtracks for games uh and uh max richter is um is a very very talented composer as well and so i think their styles would work very very well for what we wanted to do with legends of valor but you still running that core problem of well you know that will be finite play time could be not uh so to blend those two together and use the soundtrack as inspiration for the boundaries of what the algorithmically generated music could do it's a really interesting topic now there are programmatic frameworks to generate computer music my favorite is uterpy it actually comes in the haskell world the haskell school of music it was a yale project and uh a guy came up with it recently died of cancer but his graduate students have carried on the project and it's still going on and you can use utopia to build pretty much anything you can do a lot of really experimental machine generated music with a very bespoke probably in the python world in other words there's larger better frameworks and whatever language we're using for the game of course we'd use a framework there likely javascript but um there are certainly adherents who think about this and work on this and it's something that really does interest me and i think we could do something really cool just make sure the combat system is similar to uh that from the video game shadow of war i think it's the best combat system for an rpg it's an interesting question uh warhammer certainly done some interesting things in the combat systems there are a lot of game systems like pathfinder monty cook's arcana evolve the gerp system from steve jackson that could potentially be ported in an interesting way do you want to do a real-time combat system or a turn-based combat system or allow switching between the two like pillars of eternity did or even as early as new world computing with the my magic series uh so that's one dimension and then the other thing is do you want a combat system where you engage but the actions are taken to chance augmented by skills or engage and your effectiveness is connected to your actual actions as a player so for example a lot of real time shooting games like first person shooters you have to aim the gun to hit them okay whereas a lot of turn-based strategy games you click to attack it's a dice roll augmented by a skill or level or other scenarios so when you build a combat system you have to really make those decisions of how visceral do you want it to be so the other thing is the interfaces is it going to be a mouse and keyboard or controller so are you going to go cross-platform and also you can go mobile okay so those three dimensions have mobile cross platform from mouse and keyboard to the handsets to also vr have a huge amount to do with how you design your combat system the other thing is how much influence does leveling and character progression have over combat so what ends up happening a lot of games especially rpgs where your characters become exceedingly powerful if you're not going to get rid of random encounters then what you do is you introduce a quick combat system because it becomes so tedious and trivial to fight battles uh that players just don't want to fight them even games like heroes and white magic introduced a quick combat system i believe in starting with yours my magic 3. uh so definitely something to think about and i haven't really decided because that's well deeper into the game mechanics part we're still in the ideation of you know game world and capabilities and game system uh these types of things and narrative every single thing you do in a video game has to be connected to the story you want to tell and the emotions you want to elicit so you can't just create a game and say okay now let's figure out a story and that's what ea does that's why they're terrible at what they do and it's a horrible company you instead when you create a game you have to say what do i want the player to feel like for example with red dead redemption two uh your character gets tuberculosis spoiler alert and what's so crazy when you play that game is that you build all this wealth and power and progression your character grows up and you have all these things and you keep progressing but then you get tuberculosis and you start dying you stop caring about the wealth and the clothing and these other things you just want to cure your tuberculosis and you feel this amazing empathy for the character and contrary to what normally happens in these narratives your character actually dies in the game the game continues after your character which is extraordinary thing so that story you want to tell is far far far far more relevant uh to what ends up making the game enduring then well did this combat system follow shadow of war or war hammer or this or that or whatever it happens to be uh then you have to think of other mechanics like the magic system and the stealth mechanics inside the game and also what is the role of npcs in combat and how do they influence combat as well and then you have to think a lot about the constraints of the game world itself so legends of valor takes place in a town called middle dwarf and the city actually under the lore but it was never explored actually in the game is shut down because of a quarantine meaning you can't leave the city so it's urban or underground but urban and underground so tight narrow okay you play games like skyrim a huge component of the game is outdoors you're in these vast vistas you could be up on the mountain and shoot an arrow all the way down and kill something you can't do that in legends of valor in the way it was originally designed constrained to the game world of middle dwarf the other thing can you fly can you have a vertical component to things these types of things so all of those factors play into the combat system and they should support the narrative you're trying to tell in the story you're trying to tell about that particular character and you should make people feel the way you want them to feel the combat system should augment that that's why for example warhammer so visceral it's a horrible world 40k you have chaos and space marines and like everything wants to kill you and everybody's crazy everybody's a fanatic life is cheap and you have genetically engineered super soldiers going around chainsawing people to death so that's very fast-paced it's very brutal and everything emphasizes the fungibility of people the replaceability of people and so forth other games for example like god of war you know you're playing kratos you're special and unique and you're killing other special and unique mythological things there aren't 12 of them there's one of them okay and that fungibility eviscerates a bit so the combat system has to be very different from warhammer inquisitor to god or for example so that is the driving factor and everything feeds into this oregon trail charles oregon trail another lovely game from the late 80s early 90s i can't remember exactly when it came out but was one of the first really popular computer games super frustrating because you could never win it and there was even a parody of working trail with american dad with roger is q adidas related to the wolfram partnership no it's going to be in the house project and we're going to rename it hilbert we just haven't had the time i worked on one of the god of war games so you know what i'm talking about then very visceral fast pace now there's a difference between god of war four and god of war one through three by the way four was a whole different animal and they had to redo everything because you have this companion the boy traveling with you turns out to be loki let's see here let's read this c code so you're returning bs to the terminal echometry i will definitely look them up jay i own a video game company and it's a big part of my life i care about it because i care about telling stories and narrative so yeah ask me about video games because it's something i do it's part of what i am it makes me better greetings from bhutan the happiest country on earth even has a ministry of happiness do you consider etc your child what do you expect for the project i do not consider etc my child and i have no expectations of the project we have put down on the table a path forward and the etc community is independent and they are more than capable of figuring out things for themselves and the community is going to decide in q1 if that path makes sense for them and if it does we'll do it together if it doesn't well then they're just gonna have to figure out how to survive and go in a different direction it's been a long time many years and not a lot of progress not a lot to show for it so it's very clear regardless of what they decide they can't keep doing the same things and expect to maintain competitive when everything in the industry is moving nothing is static hook up with blizzard before eos i don't know man after diablo 3 i was deeply hurt don't even get me started with that game everything was done wrong everything you know they had a beautiful premise they had a beautiful game world to work with diablo 2 set things up so beautifully for them i and they just lost everything that made it great and they turned into a cartoon and then they say boy the fans really hated this so let's follow it up with a cell phone game and they literally had a guy come out and ask him while they were on stage presenting it and saying is this like a late april days joke you know seriously so no i don't work with the company they lost their way bill ropers no longer there blizzard north is gone uh they uh they've become a soulless corporate entity that no longer makes good video games the last good game blizzard made was stark craft 2 wings of liberty loved it heart of the swarm legacy of the void what the come on guys i stopped at diablo 2 and never finished diablo 3. you know i got to get into this rant okay so diablo 3 had four acts and there were some interesting foundations to that that game uh so they had this idea okay you know kane is raising this foster child the foster child turns out to be the son of the warrior from the original diablo and the witch adria and she purposely did this to basically use that child as a vessel to bring diablo back okay that's a good framework you've got some twists and turns you get to kill kane character you love and it's dramatic huzzah the problem was the execution of all the things and the fact that they didn't understand how to actually take that scaffolding and turn it into a good story see the thing that made diablo special as a series was that the things that you were that you played in the prior games became relevant in the next games and they were integrated into the plot there so there were three characters in the original game there was the sorcerer the rogue and the warrior the warrior was a prince and turned out to be uh the next diablo because after he killed diablo he put the soul stone on his head and it slowly transformed him into diablo and that's the villain of diablo ii the sorcerer uh he went to luke lynn and found the sanctuary and got corrupted by it and you end up actually killing him and the rope became bloodraven the uh the rope that you have to slay in the first act of diablo what's the moral story is that the things you did corrupted or tainted or caused problems and that continues evil great so you have five characters five in diablo two you have the amazon the sorceress the necromancer the barbarian and uh the paladin okay so none of them made an appearance in diablo iii just like totally forgot about that trend that hit continued and they could have made phenomenal appearances and so you know every time i get really pissed off about something i sketch out a plot like the season eight of game of thrones i literally rewrote both season seven and season eight i was so angry by what d and d did dana dave did with that show i literally rewrote it because i was just it was therapy because i'd followed that show for a damn near decade i loved it i was so excited about it and it was so horrible and so destroying i said guys you you just you're you're evil people you if if you want a great laugh you should type in uh game of thrones season 8 film critic and just see what they do there and how they presented it it was just horrible so anyway with diablo 3 i got very angry at the entire game world and so i said all right let's see if i could do better could i actually write a better plot than what they wrote using a similar skeleton okay so i said all right well first off you know you have this terial fallen from heaven thing that's an interesting one let's keep that act one great let's build the act around tyrial as they did but then you have the paladin and let's make them up and looking for redemption and like somewhat corrupted and blind and so forth and build a relationship between the palate and interior and have the paladin die at the end of the act if you played the paladin character during diablo true it's been really emotional to see that kind of thing happen okay so act one was actually pretty good it was a good setup for the game so mostly keep what they did there because remember the first act is not just about telling the story it's about introducing the game mechanics and teaching people how to play and also introducing the atmosphere and the game world so if you have loss and suffering and hopelessness and these types of things that's the whole diablo game world and you really should do that for sanctuary so act one was okay act two is where it went off the rails first off that whole plot was wrong so belial is supposed to be the god of lies and deception in these things so why not do that and this city is supposed to be calidum it's just be it's incredible metropolis and all this stuff is going on there was no deception there the minute you see the emperor child you're like that's belial the minute you see the kid that's that and what brings the character to that particular city have the sorcerer's character have taken residence there and have her be assassinated as the beginning point in act two she's assassinated you begin the investigation of who done you introduce the great houses of the city and these types of things and then you can play the intrigue between them and you're trying to figure out who's magda and cultists where is belial and what you do is you introduce a character that's a you know the night shyamalan twisty twist uh where basically that character you believe is beyond reproach and assists you the entire way you kill the lyle huzzah and then that turns out that it wasn't belial and that character turns on you tries to kill you that's what you do in those types of scenarios and situations and you write a mystery story right murder mystery is a good place to introduce an intrigue plot it's a great place to introduce all the different relevant characters that exist there now the thing that bothered me the most about act 2 was the character of zoltan cool the creator of the black soul stone so this guy is immortal and he's so evil and powerful they literally had to cut him into pieces and hide him in the pieces and they still couldn't kill him after doing that the minute you put him back together he betrays you and that's the last you ever hear or see of him and it's like you just wasted one of the greatest character potentials in the entire series the whole point of the black soul stone is it's the macguffin that drives the plot of diablo 3 and leads to the resurrection of diablo so keep the creator of that around he's useful and make him suspicious because it aids and it beds to adria betraying you and land turning into diablo okay and there's a great thing you can do because you can take an irredeemable evil character and you can redeem him over the ark of the game thereby teaching material and the angels these other people that sanctuary is actually necessary because it has a choice the demons are always evil the angels are always good that's the point so they completely wasted that incredible character act three you have osmatov the last of the evils all the rest have been killed at this point so he's king of hell is all of hell the only one that's ever done that and he's the greatest general of hell so smart and so great and the whole act is you fighting your way into his volcano and killing him that's an interesting starting point but you know what you do is you play on the old pass and say what the hell would keep the barbarians going bring back the barbarian from diablo ii was so great he went to hell and killed diablo himself and you know what add the necromancer back into and have a great dynamic between the two and they're the reason why the barbarians haven't failed and it makes sense you played those characters you know they're really powerful so yeah they can stand up to the armies of hell but even they are finite and because they're there as a plot device it gives you the ability to navigate through and sneak in and kill osmanda great then act four you go to heaven and you have the whole betrayal situation uh and then you have this great character imperius and they just like every scene you see him you get us his ass kicked and this is one of those weird plot things where you're told the character is amazing epic and incredible he literally forged the spear in the center of a star and then at the end of all of it uh you know he gets his ass kicked every single time you see him what's the point of that it's crazy it's like this guy's the greatest jedi ever and every time you see him he's falling down stairs or something like that like what they did in the last jedi skywalker it's horrible okay so don't do that don't do that i understand why they did that because they wanted to show how much more powerful the primeval was over in periods and how he could break the deadlock okay useful for act four and your character goes through heaven and then eventually slays diablo that is a very very uh you know good structure and there's a lot you can do there but what they should have done is they shouldn't have stopped the game there they should have said hey we have this black soul stone it can't stay in heaven we have to destroy it so you have to take it to hell and you have to destroy it the same way with the other soul stones were destroyed in the hell forge the problem is that something like that is going to be a beacon and you basically have to go and protect it long enough to keep it long enough before you can destroy it and who's the only person who destroys it person who created it so that's the point of the zoltan cool arc line from act 2 all the way to the final act where you have this irredeemably evil character and throughout the process of the game grows enough to actually be willing to destroy his greatest creation and he's the only person who can and you somehow have to trust him to actually go and do that so you go down to hell and then that's where you can have imperius show up and help you out all the characters you've helped throughout the game if you did good things throughout the game they show up to help you if you did bad things throughout the game they don't so you're on your own it's a lot harder to win and then the winning of the game is destroy the soul stone and you have zone cool sacrifice himself to do that and tyrial sees it and then he understands why humans are redeemable and angels and demons are there that's a plot it's a lot better than the old plot of diablo yeah it's a framework you know spruced up good dialogue you know twisty turny stuff good game mechanics and and so forth guys they have billions of dollars and all these writers and they just on a plate and handed it to people and said here you go we love this franchise and that is the problem of hollywood this is the problem of video game developers it ranges from star wars to diablo to star trek you have these beautiful things that are loved and they grow beyond their creators star wars is not george lucas okay star trek is not gene roddenberry people love these things they learn klingon they didn't learn klingon because of a deep affinity and relationship with gene they learned it because they love the world they love these ideas and they want to extend it a game studio a video game studio or a movie studio is a custodian of these things they have a sacred duty to take into account the lore that has been created by the people who have consumed things in the past and make sure that that's sacred honor it and then add to it in ways that people haven't seen before experienced before and so forth deep space nine is a phenomenal example of this star trek was always this optimistic world humans always did the good things there was always the bad and the humans were always trying to fight them but we all know world's more complicated than that so ds9 introduces the cardassians and the pejorians and these other characters that were minor characters in the next generation and they turned it into like a nazi occupation thing and they had the maquis and you know should we involve ourselves should we not involve we had these really unique and nuanced characters like garrick the exiled spy or odo the shape shifter who's at war with himself and his culture and the solids the flu and you know cisco who's like the emissary of the prophets but a starfleet captain and whom does he actually serve so the nuances of that show were masterful for a show absolutely masterful and they extended the star trek lore in very productive ways and asked what if questions like how strong are the principles of the federation really for example the federation allowed a subgroup section 31 to develop a bio weapon and use that by a weapon to kill all the founders they knew about it and they let it happen because they knew it was necessary or in the case where the federation was probably tacitly aware of the telciard the obsidian order were actually trying to kill all the founders and they just kind of let them go do that and not retain go and do that why because it benefited them that is a much more realistic government than the one that was presented by uh the rock berry star trek and it extended star trek in such beautiful and productive ways so what happens though is you have these idiots that come in and they have no clue about how to stay pure and and honor and venerate the material so they just throw it all away j.j abrams for example 20 2009 he's ah star trek is too complicated so let's just let's rewrite everything we need a time story thing we're going to try a time travel thing just throw away 40 years of star trek history and start from a clean slate and do our own thing and pew pew pew lens flare lens flare lens flare ppu that was that's basically what he did and then star trek picard comes in and says he gets this beloved character jean-luc percarb we're gonna make zero effort into understanding his psychology his character or staying true to that he's a guy who's literally taken and assimilated by the pork recovered from that and stayed true to who he was but then we're just gonna make up a bunch of stuff about where he goes and create some weird father-son slightly homoerotic thing with data and picard who knows picard's really bothered by the death of data even though he wasn't when he thought data was dead in the original next generation series you know and it just it would just tell these guys had never seen an episode of the next generation before and it was deeply insulting you know and all the character development all the lore all the beliefs and expectations that people have of that world were violated in that series and discovery same with star wars in the new trilogy contrast that to what favreau did with luke skywalker two and a half minutes at the end of the mandalorian were better and more emotional than the entire new trilogy because people got to see what they expected and they got to see it in a way that was unexpected and it just touched people we've been waiting since the 1980s to see what favreau put on screen it was unbelievable you thought it had to be a trick it couldn't be and then he takes the hood out you see luke skywalker a digitally dh one who the cares if he looks like a plastic wax who cares it's okay you know it was worth it it was great it was emotional that is how you make great movies and great tv and that's how you make great video games you have to stay true to the lore of the world you have to understand where you came from what you can do what you can't do and what type of story you want to tell there's a great youtube channel it's called wisecrack wisecrack and wisecrack talks about the philosophy of things from rick and morty to the matrix to anything you know in between and these guys are trained philosophers they're like phds and philosophy brilliant people and they go into deep depth and really really get into the nuts and bolts of what are people trying to say and do great fiction great shows great narratives have that capacity to be analyzed thought about pondered again and again and again and again and again and again and again terrible fiction so shallow you can't do it it's not there and the problem is most of the things that are being produced today are bereft of that and as a consequence they're not worth your time and they're entirely forgettable that's why we keep going back to the old stuff because the old stuff is the only stuff that seems to have depth right now and that makes me truly sad by the way this is absolutely relevant to cardano marketing and other such things because at the end of the day storytelling is what makes apple versus helix packard they both sell computers they both know what they're doing they both have tremendous engineering capacity and scientific capacity and they both can build beautiful products if they want why do people buy apple over hp or dell because there was a story that was told by a very charismatic founder and that story was so compelling and ingratiated it just ingrained itself into the bones of the founder and the company and every single person who bought those products they felt emotionally connected perhaps more so to those products and evangelistic and they defend them talk about marketing you talk about what takes cardano to the next level what compels people to believe in it that is the magic that actually makes great companies to create an identity and a brand and a soul and a story behind who you are where you want to go and what you want to do and if only people participate we will get there together so steve jobs was all about marrying the humanities and computing together because computing was always viewed as a sterile academic engineering thing we talked about these white boxes that are quite ugly and we talk about the things inside of them how much memory how big of a hard drive how much processing power and it's fungible you don't care if it's white box 1 white box 2 what brand its lowest cost for highest value that was the game computing was playing and the jobs comes out and says computing must be an experience that enables you to give experiences to others make music make videos emotionally be connected to it be creative the things we build will help you be a better creator and in turn allow you to be a better person and maybe you'll be a great person as a result maybe you'll be the next picasso here's to the great ones that was marketing and that's what made them a trillion dollar company that's what made apple so powerful so if you're really good at thinking about narrative you're really good about writing stories you're really good about captivating people and enthralling people and capturing their imagination and their intention those people will be with you forever they will walk through hell through razor blades and glass if they have to to get to the other side and that's how you become great that's how you create a movement that's how you change things you make people fall in love with where you want to go and what you want to do the path ahead of us is not easy we say cardano to a billion people that's the vision and become the world financial operating system how many regulatory battles how many assassination attempts how many setbacks and failed companies and scandals and attacking attempts and protocol failures and other such things do you think will be littered along the road to get there there is nothing in human history that has ever scaled to a billion people that didn't involve a few graveyards along the way why would anybody be crazy enough to walk that road unless they truly believed that that outcome was something that they wanted to be part of their life story it'd be associated with great storytelling is what launches a thousand ships at try great stronger telling is what makes apple a great company and makes cryptocurrencies so powerful the same for bitcoin it was very hard in the early days it was worthless no one cared about it every single person you talked to about it thought you were crazy a criminal or stupid but people persisted they kept pushing and pushing until eventually it got to critical mass and i got all these people coming in and pretending like they were with us all along no no no no they were not okay because when we contacted them they didn't even bother to read the emails and now they pretend like it's a revolution the revolution was ten years ago and that adherence of that revolution had to endure so much pain to get us to where we're at today and the dreams of cardone are far bigger than the dreams of bitcoin so it's super important that we as a community we know how to tell a good story because that's what takes us to become the next apple and maybe i'm just talking to the wind but it's okay it's my show and i can just don't look just don't look the simpsons treehouse of horror one of the greatest episodes killer advertisements and he plans for cardano to get into the insurance business actually i was just talking to nico the cto of emergo he's real excited about that as a potential idea and i think he's definitely going to do something uh there we don't have plans at the moment because it's not our core competency and you know we've talked to people like swissary and others and there's opportunity around pilots but um it's not our core competency uh there's some more foundational things that we need to do especially critical commercially critical infrastructure stable coins dexes oracles uh these types of things i think that's probably the most productive area i can spend my time and effort that said peer-to-peer lending peer-to-peer insurance you know banking on a blockchain these types of things do need to exist if it's a financial operating system and regulated non-regulated actors will enter the space and do that charles talk about epstein you know epstein probably worked for the intelligence agencies he was the compromised guy his job was to get very successful rich people to sleep with underage girls videotape it and then use it to blackmail people for geopolitical reasons it's no coincidence that he had such access for such a long period of time and enjoyed almost no scrutiny from the media or from criminal enforcement law enforcement so eventually he became inconvenient as all assets who are inconvenient he got cut loose and of course he knew too much and so someone killed him and we all knew that he was going to die and we all joked about it in fact before he died people were saying fce didn't kill himself then he killed himself uh this is just how spycraft works and governments work and usually they're buried and small epson was so big because he was associated with such prominent people and that's what happened in my view of course i don't have any special knowledge but just my surface level knowledge of the case and the media's reaction the fact that no investigative journalist has looked into it like why is the new york times not desperately tearing into this because it's such a scandal for so many people it tells you there's a whole structure that we tripped over as eric weinstein said uh and we're not supposed to know about that pyramid that's buried under the sand so we see just a little tip of it and everybody's just trying to bury it again so don't pay attention to that don't pay attention to that at all hmm you know that's an interesting thing all the tapes will come out soon so the very first thing that happened after esteem got arrested and they found out that there were tapes they raided his compound and somebody had actually gotten there before the police arrived and taken all of the videotapes and all of the sound recordings so that somebody almost certainly was an intelligence agency pick your favorite one is polka dot a copy of cardano's work no it's an original piece of work it's original code uh gavin is a trained computer scientist from england and as a trained computer scientist from england he has more than enough capability to read the 91 papers we've written and of course there's some inspiration in the design of certain parts of polka dot uh from the things that we've done that said it has its own design has its own smart contract philosophy and it has key differences in its design from how our system operates which are much closer to what ethereum is ours is kind of a spiritual successor of what bitcoin could have accomplished had satoshi known more and been more prominent in certain areas uh so we're different systems uh from extended utxo to accounts and these types of things so polkadot is definitely not a copy of the work it's more of an inspiration uh you kind of think of it this way you know tolkien wrote lord of the rings and then george r.r martin wrote game of thrones well martin is a huge fan of tolkien and a lot of the things in game of thrones were his view on how to build a world like that but with his particular viewpoint on how the world like that should operate so tolkien was very optimistic good triumph over evil and uh george rr martin likes to present a slightly different view on how things should go it really talks into the problems of ruling you know tolkien's like aragon becomes king and then there's hundreds of years of peace and happy ever after you know it's like well baratheon becomes king it's like what happens the day after you know he becomes a bad guy so that's kind of the gavin wood charles hoskinson thing right we did some stuff and he did some stuff and he clearly read our book and he's clearly doing his own thing and there's inspiration there and by the way we get inspired we read a lot of papers from the 1980s and 1990s and 2000s that provided a lot of good ideas and some projects like nxt and so forth that provided a lot of good ideas to start with and a lot of the job was correcting those ideas and improving those ideas and you see a lot of that there are cases when there is just clear copies like litecoin is a clear copy of bitcoin with slight differences in the monetary policy and the consensus algorithm but it almost has identical code and a lot of the features and they're very similar systems why people use litecoin as a test net for bitcoin in a certain respect because if it works well there is good indication it's going to work well with bitcoin why is tone vase such a dumb ass he's not a dumbass tonebeast is an entertainer you know he sells products he has a youtube show uh tone makes money by getting clicks and views and controversy so what are you gonna do are you going to sit in a corner be nice to everybody or are you going to throw fireballs at people and bombs at people until some of them land max kaiser is a slightly larger tone vase and they whatever personal opinion they actually hold they actually have their stage opinion and they go and push that stage opinion and push it push it until somebody reacts and when they react becomes a scandal scandal is clicks scandal is views scandal is money okay so it's a standard operating thing it's been going on for a long long time rush limbaugh for example he would say things all the time throughout his career as radio jockey uh it's same for howard stern that would create controversy and he knew they knew that that would happen and then everybody's like i have to listen to the episode i have to read keeps him in the media it keeps people talking about them more audience or sponsorships more sponsorships more money more money more happy are there massive egos and politics in crypto space behind the scenes 100 absolutely the number one problem the crypto space is it made a lot of people who are deep outsiders very rich and they use the fact they become very rich as justification for their very very very outsider way of doing things and because they don't have to play by normal rules or have social graces it amplifies the worst parts of themselves you know abraham lincoln used to say if you want to know who a man really is give them power and the corollary of that today is give them money and then see what happens and that's what happened to crypto so it amplified the worst aspects of people now created some diversity of thought and gave people a voice to fund things and build things that wouldn't have been built ordinarily but there are pros and cons to that so there's enormous egos in crypto there's enormous politics and crypto and pettiness and just backstabbing and terrible things that are said and done uh just because of of that effect and you know same thing happened in the i.t revolution same thing happened in the hardware revolution the internet revolution i the founders are not exactly the nicest of people any thoughts on reversing climate change i think what's going to end up happening is fusion research is going to get really good nuclear is going to get really good and we got a lot of alternative energy options tidal power geothermal especially fracked geothermal super awesome a lot of wind and solar is getting super cheap energy costs are going to go way way way way down and eventually they're going to go low enough that first off we won't need you know fossil fuels anymore we'll have battery powered cars or the hydrogen economy more likely than not battery powered cars now because that revolution's here and it's only going to get better and the backbone will be carbon neutral and so as a consequence basically what we're going to do is build all these carbon capture devices uh carbon engineering is an example of a company that does this where you literally suck the carbon dioxide out of the air and then you can turn it into oil or gas or natural gas or you can just sequester it so what's going to end up happening is we'll just geo engineer and build all of these carbon capture devices that are powered by fusion and nuclear they'll spend gigawatts terawatts of power every day basically sucking out massive quantities of carbon and reverse basically what was done over the last 200 years uh that'll likely occur in my view it's the lowest cost way of doing things and it's also the most practical solution because it requires zero behavior change in the global economy you know it's like some places they can never get clean water so what happens people buy water filters to compensate so similarly we can never create a global consensus with the existing way that governments work on how to manage the carbon economy and so well some rich nations with excess electricity they'll just simply suck the carbon out of the air and do something useful probably make graphene are you afraid of sophia no i know the creator of sophia ben gortzal good friend good guy sends very long emails and takes time to reply those brilliant brilliant person though not afraid at all i'm not afraid of the future i'm optimistic yeah this is an interesting one is climate change entirely bad the earth is getting greener called the great global greening higher carbon dioxide actually created a lot of growth in plants and more biomass that forms and it's really really really really interesting that this is a dynamic system and just because we are seeing something occur doesn't mean we know the entire story and there might be an opposite reaction that occurs that compensates like global greetings and natural sequestration but the jury's still out on these things and the problem is the concern with climate change is that it will not impact wealthy nations it will devastate poor nations because they don't have the resources to geo-engineer or deal with disruptions and crop production or other such things that's at least what's being said super politicized issue because all of the solutions that are being proposed by the un and the radical extremist environmentalists is the construction of a global government people are super skeptical when something happens and your solution to that thing is create a one world government to regulate and manage everything i'm sorry if you have the ability to control how much carbon any company in the world produces you effectively control every business in the world and if you do that you're effectively a world government uh so it's it's very skeptical a lot of people they're they're like hang on a second here and then they have a bad history of predictions but you know that's science science doesn't give you good predictions what is your favorite cuisine italian yeah we're seeing a convergence of this charles can you tell me what your thoughts are on quantum computing and the effect that it has on the crypto world this question comes up in every ama quantum computing is the boogie man of crypto and they're like oh quantum computers will come and we're all gonna die and all cryptos will literally be broken and nothing will ever work right now here today there are plenty of post quantum algorithms we as an industry can adopt they are so optimal but we can adopt to completely incu to inoculate ourselves from the threats of quantum computing quantum computing is not a threat on cryptography today it's a threat in 2035. it's a threat in 2045. it's a threat in 2055. why are governments taking it seriously today why are governments involved in this today if you're china or america or russia you will archive internet traffic so every time an encrypted email leaves a department of defense server every time there's a voip call that's encrypted by a government official or some facility or an encrypted piece of data is transmitted it will be intercepted this is the assumption the security threat model that these security agencies have now you can intercept encrypted data you can't decrypt it but if you have a quantum computer you can so here's what happens you archive all encrypted traffic and you wait for technology to get better and once it gets there guess what happens you can use your quantum computer mcguffin to now decrypt all those secret communications that happened 10 or 20 or 30 years ago and you say but charles who cares it was 10 20 30 years ago ah how long has it taken to bring the f-22 raptor to market how long has it taken to bring the f-35 to market how long does it take to build a new tank or a new helicopter how long do you think these nation secrets have to be stored and kept secure before they're no longer relevant there's a reason why the cia declassifies things only after 50 years and foia forces their hand because that tradecraft that knowledge is as relevant today as it was perhaps 10 or 20 years ago so quantum computers are huge threat in that respect and that that future adversary by having the ability to look at the state of our communications today can learn enough from that to infer what we're doing then or at least know how to deal with our countermeasures then so nist wants to change the algorithms as quickly as they can because that archiving attack is quite problematic we're starting to enter the zone where that's going to be a problem okay for cryptocurrencies it's not these are social systems you can't reverse hashes you know you're going to be in a position where we can reconstruct things and protect things okay and we have plenty of post quantum algorithms and part of the cardano 2025 agenda that we'll propose will include a quantum agenda which will completely incubate the system with best available protocols the only reason we didn't do it today was crypto was not good enough to do that with reasonable trade-offs i don't want to go to market and say i fear something in 2035 so i'm gonna make myself a hundred times slower and my signature is a hundred times larger than all of my competitors and deal with this huge inefficiency that's been introduced to protect ourselves from a threat 15 years from now we call that going out of business but it's something we should get done by 2025. now a lot of cool things quantum teleportation is getting really good uh quantum cryptography is getting really good and time crystals are here how about that time crystals boxing match vitalik versus charles come on guys be realistic here it's like mike tyson versus floyd mayweather good luck with that poor floyd hmm what are the contributions uh has the us government to early cryptography modern cryptography uh the field of cryptography would be in its infancy without the constant vigilance of the us government in particular the last 40 years almost every major advance in some way is directly or indirectly connected to the us government either they trained the scientists or incubated the scientists who did the research they directly funded them they inspired them or their colleagues uh and a lot of things have been discovered also the government's desire to break crypto has massively improved the ability to break systems which has become a skill that is now ingrained into cryptography and information security so just by having this adversary around inspires cryptographers to get very very aggressive uh for example there's a great crypto group in israel and they uh they specialize in a weird thing called private data exfiltration where they specialize in removing data and cryptographic assets from air gap systems through very creative means uh trojans they introduce into memory can turn your ram into a wi-fi transmitter and even though your system is air-gapped they can now use the ram to connect to your computer and at a byte rate of 500 bytes or uh or something like that that can gradually steal things in memory they call it airfi or ram fire or something like that microphones that are very sophisticated can listen to your computer doing calculations and just by changes in frequency of the uh of the processor uh they're actually able to uh get your pgp key or things like that incredible work the guy does his name is mordecai gurion and you know he's just a brilliant brilliant guy and his students are really brilliant that's inspired a lot by the idf and there's equivalent capabilities inspired by the nsa and the cia here in america so there's enormous contributions that they have from the creation of public key crypto to weakening of the death standard to the clipper chip look up that one to their attacks on people who want to evangelize cryptography like bruce schneier uh creating a whole new culture and ethos of how to open source things in certain ways so both being a good actor and a bad actor from good actor in the standard side to a bad actor in the adversarial side uh they have massively improved the richness of that entire space and simply would not exist without them much like the internet was darpa what the hell is a time crystal you know i'm still trying to figure that one out myself i am not smart enough to know i know of them i've read articles about them i'm still having some trouble grasping the depth of that concept but i know it's a big important thing for quantum computers it's like potentially could be the memory of them they can turn your ram into a radio yes they can charles what are your thoughts on clean meat lab-grown meat interesting stuff you still need bio-materials from existing animals and those bio materials are still difficult to harvest without harming the animals or at least subjecting animals to slightly less than ethical treatment so we're not quite where we need to be yet but um lab grown meat is a emerging field as is vertical farming there's a great company called it'll come to me in a moment they're based in california and just a two acre farm they've replicated the capacity of like a six seven hundred acre farm plenty is the name of the company and they use ai and uh robots to basically run the facility and he's just ninety uses 99 less water than a conventional farm despite the fact they have a 300 x improvement yield so vertical farming combined with lab grown meats is probably going to be a desirable thing for urban centers in 2050s 2060s and much more environmentally sustainable fourier transforms i just happen to have this book on fourier analysis how about that sitting randomly on my desk for some particular reason thank you sir charles are you still going to do updates in the emails if your contract ends yeah there is no contractual obligation to do any of these things i love you guys source of strength and inspiration of course i'm going to talk to the community you guys listen to me talk about rewriting the plot for diablo 3 and what i wanted zoltan cool to become why would i ever leave an audience like that come on now so yeah of course i'm going to do amas and the contract ends here in two days and you know what's going to happen when we get up in january we're still going to be working on cardinal for free for a while to get all the things done that need to get done how about that because it's the right thing to do you don't leave till jobs done kids don't leave until the job is done do your job well have pride in what you do lord of the ring trilogy movie that's like saying which kid do you love the most i think the best battle they did was you know uh helms deep with the two towers that was great the fellowship was incredible because it opened you up world and the return of the king you had to watch right because you had to see how it ends and they ended it 19 times charles have you ever sold a rubik's cube yes and one day i'll get mantis shrimp so they can solve it for me best major to study computer science best minor music and art so you can get laid